Pipe material types and selection

Pipe material types and selection

The selection of pipeline materials is key to ensuring the durability, safety and efficiency of pipelines in a variety of applications, such as construction, water supply systems, chemical and gas transportation.

Categories:
Pipe materials can be roughly divided into three categories. Metal, non-metal and composite materials, that is, a combination of metal and metal or metal and non-metal. Metal pipe materials can be subdivided into two categories: ferrous metal pipes and non-ferrous metal pipes.
Ferrous metal:
1. Carbon steel pipe: Carbon steel pipe is made of steel ingot or solid round steel through perforation, and then made of hot rolled, cold rolled or cold drawn.
2. Alloy steel pipe: a specific amount of metal and non-metal is added to carbon steel, so that the performance of carbon steel changes. Better performance can be achieved by controlling the percentage of alloying elements in the steel.
3. Stainless steel pipe: Stainless steel pipe is a hollow thin round steel, widely used in petroleum, chemical, medical, food, light industry, mechanical instrumentation and other industrial pipes and mechanical structural components.
Non-ferrous metals: Metal materials made from the fusion of non-ferrous metals and their alloys.
Non-metal: Common non-metal pipes are plastic pipes (PVC, chlorinated PVC, etc.), cement pipes, glass pipes, etc.

Selection criteria:
1. Process: Select materials of different processes according to different environments, such as materials with better corrosion resistance in corrosive environments.
2, temperature and pressure requirements: according to the temperature and the size of the pressure to choose the appropriate material, such as in the high temperature environment, choose high temperature resistant materials, in the high pressure environment to choose higher strength or thicker materials.
3. Cost and installation: In the case of choosing the same material, choose the product with lower price and more convenient installation.

ASTM material grades for pipes:
A53/A53M-02. Standard specification for black, hot-dip galvanized, welded and seamless steel pipes.
A105/A105M-02. Standard specification for forgings of carbon steel for piping.
A106-02a. Standard specification for seamless carbon steel tubes for high temperature applications.
A134-96(2001). Standard specification for electromelting (arc) welded steel tubes (size NPS 16 and up).
A135-01. Standard specification for resistance welded steel pipe.
Standard specification for electromelting (arc) welded steel tubes (NPS 4 and above).
A179/A179M-90a(2001). Standard specification for seamless cold-drawn mild steel heat exchangers and condenser tubes.
A181/A181M-01. Standard specification for carbon steel forgings for general purpose pipes.
A182/A182M-02 - Standard specification for forged or rolled alloy steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, valves and components for high-temperature use.
A193/A193M-03. Standard specification for alloy steel and stainless steel bolt materials for high-temperature use.
A194/A194M-03b. Standard specification for carbon steel and alloy steel bolts and nuts for high pressure or high temperature or both.
A210/A210M-02. Standard specification for seamless medium carbon steel boiler and superheater tubes.
A234/A234M-03. Standard specification for forged carbon and alloy steel pipe fittings for medium and high temperature applications.
A268/A268M-03. Standard specification for seamless and welded ferrite and martensitic stainless steel pipes for general purpose.
A269-02a. Standard specification for seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipes for general purpose.
A312/A312M-03. Standard specification for seamless and welded austenitic stainless steel pipes.
A320/A320M-03. Standard specification for alloy steel bolt materials for low temperature purposes.
A333/A333M-99. Standard specification for seamless and welded steel tubes for cryogenic service.
A334/A334M-99. Standard specification for seamless and welded carbon and alloy steel tubes for cryogenic service.
A335/A335M-03. Standard specification for seamless ferritic alloy steel tubes for high-temperature use.
A350/ A350-02B. Standard specification for carbon steel and low alloy steel forgings requiring notched toughness testing of pipe components.
A358/ A3588-01. Standard specification for high-temperature electrofusion welding of austenitic chromium-nickel steel pipes.
A369/A369M-02. Standard specification for forged and drilled pipes of carbon and ferritic alloy steels for high-temperature use.
A376/A376M-02a. Standard specification for seamless austenitic steel tubes for high temperature central station service.
A381-96(2001). Standard specification for metal arc welded steel pipes for high pressure conveying systems.
A403/A403M-03a. Standard specification for forged austenitic stainless steel pipe fittings.
A409/A409M-01. Standard specification for welding large diameter austenitic steel pipes for corrosive or high-temperature applications.
A420/A420M-02. Standard specification for forged carbon and alloy steel pipe fittings for cryogenic use.
A437/A437M-01a. Standard specification for alloy steel turbine type bolt materials, specially heat-treated for high temperature applications.
A453/A453M-02. Standard specification for high temperature bolt materials with an expansion coefficient comparable to austenitic stainless steel.
A524-96(2001). Standard specification for seamless carbon steel tubes for atmospheric and cryogenic applications.
A530/A530M-03. Standard specification for general requirements of special carbon steel and alloy steel pipes.
A587-96(2001). Standard specification for resistance welded mild steel pipes for the chemical industry.
A671-96(2001). Standard specification for atmospheric and cryogenic electrofusion welding of steel tubes.
A672-96(2001). Standard specification for medium temperature high voltage fusion welded steel pipes.
A691-98(2002). Standard specification for high-temperature and high-voltage fusion welding of carbon steel and alloy steel pipes.
A789/A789M-02a. Standard specification for seamless and welded ferritic/austenitic stainless steel pipes for general purpose.
A790/A790M-03. Standard specification for seamless and welded ferritic/austenitic stainless steel pipes.
A815/A815M-01a. Standard specification for forged ferritic, ferritic/austenitic and martensitic stainless steel pipe fittings.